struktur dan tatanama turunan benzena

by bambang ramansyah , at 23.05 , have 23 komentar
Benzena dapat mengalami reaksi subtitusi membentuk turunan benzena. Atom H pada rantai benzena akan disubtitusi oleh atom atau molekul lainnya. Setiap turunan benzena mempunyai penamaan tersendiri berdasarkan strukturnya.  

Tatanama Benzena

Tatanama

a. Benzena monosubstitusi
Benzena monosubstitusi adalah benzena dengan 1 substituen alkil.
Rumus:
Penamaan benzena monosubstitusi menurut IUPAC adalah dengan menyebutkan nama alkil disertai akhiran benzena.
Contoh :

b. Benzena disubstitusiBenzena disubstitusi merupakan benzena dengan 2 substituen alkil. Apabila benzena mengikat 2 substituen, maka kemungkinan memiliki 3 isomer struktur, antara lain: Posisi 1,2 disebut posisi ortho Posisi 1,3 disebut posisi meta.
Gambar:
Penentuan nama benzena disubstitusi antara lain:
1) Menentukan posisi substituen (posisi 1,2/1,3/1,4)
2) Menentukan nama substituen dalam urutan alfabetnya
3) Menambahkan akhiran benzena.
Contoh :
Jika salah satu diantara 2 substituen yang terikat pada cincin benzena memberikan nama khusus (seperti tercantum dalam label nama trivial) maka senyawanya diberi nama sebagai turunan dari nama trivial tsb.
Contoh :

c. Benzena polisubstitusiBenzena polisubstitusi adalah benzena yang terdiri dari 3/lebih substituen. Rumus yang mungkin terjadi:
Gambar:
Adapun tatanama benzena polisubstitusi adalah :
1) Menyebutkan semua substituen yang terikat beserta nomornya (urutan penomoran substituen sesuai alphabet dan dari angka yang terkecil).
2) Menambahkan kata “benzena” sebagai akhiran.
Contoh penamaan senyawa benzena polisubstitusi :

Jika salah satu dari 3 substituen memberikan nama khusus (trivial), maka senyawa benzena polisubstitusi diberi nama sebagai turunan dari nama khusus tsb.
Contoh :

Beberapa nama trivial benzena monosubstitusi antara lain:


Table:


Beberapa gambar lambang struktur dari turunan benzena (nama di bawah gambarnya): 

1) Toluena 


2) Anilina 


3) Fenol 


4) Benzaldehida 


5) Asam Benzoat



6) 1, 3, 5-trinitro benzena 


7) 1, 2, 4-trinitro benzena 


8) 2, 4, 6-trinitro toluena 


9) klorobenzena (fenil klorida)


10) etilen benzena (stirena)



11) etilen benzena (stirena) 


12) Asam salisilat
struktur dan tatanama turunan benzena
struktur dan tatanama turunan benzena - written by bambang ramansyah , published at 23.05 . And have 23 komentar
23 komentar Add a comment
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